Properties of Solutions

Freezing point Depression

• A nonvolatile solute Depress the freezing point of the solvent

  • magnitude of the freezing point depression depends on the concentration of the solute
    • $\Delta T$ is the magnitude of the depression (positive)
    • $m$ is the molality of the solute
    • $K_f$ is the constant of solution
      $\Delta T=K_{f}m$

OSmotic pressure

• Osmosis is the flow of solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane

  • ue
    • $\pi$ is the osmotic pressure (atm)

$\pi =MRT$

Electrolyte solutions

• recall that colligative properties depend on the number of molecules of the solute

  • electrolyte solutions must consider the number of ions and shit

• freezing and boling point

$\Delta T=ikm$

• Osmotic pressure

$\pi =iMRT$