possible quiz material for ENSC 100W
The tale of two cultures
- art schools have shakespeare
- engineers have the laws of thermodynamics
Limitations of the newtonian model
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Newtonian described everything that we can see
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BUT WHAT WE CAN’T SEE DOESN’T GET EXPLAINED:??!
The laws of thermodynamics
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Zeroth law:
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The transitive property exists
- If a is thermal equilibrium with b
- and if b is in thermal equilibrium with c
- therefore a is equal to c
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first law
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Energy/heat can transfer
- for any system the total work going in or out equals the total heat going in or out
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second law
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The entropy of a closed system can only increase
- energy wants to spread out
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Carnot efficiency
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third law
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As the temperature approaches absolute zero
- the entropy of a system in equilibrium goes to zero.
developments in thermodynamics
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stirling
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sadi carnot, 1796-1832
- french engineer
- describes how heat=work can be done at low to high pressures
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Rudolf Clausius, 1822-1888
- physicist and mathematician
- formalized carnot’s results
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Energy
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Watt = 1 joule/second
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One kilowatt-hour is 3.6MJ
- more ways to break down = more energy stored
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Available energy (Exergy)
- the available energy of an energy source is the amount that can be converted to mechanical work
- W<Q_{H}(T_{H}-T_{c})$$/T_{H}
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Entropy is times arrow
- you can’t reincrease entropy
- it is irreversible
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Entropy